The minister of agriculture, fisheries and food, the secretary of state for scotland and the secretary of state for wales, acting jointly, in exercise of the powers conferred on them by sections 1, 81, 154 and 882 of the animal health act 1981, and of all other powers enabling them in that behalf, hereby make the following order. Eav, an rna virus that is classified in the family arteriviridae. The simplest definition for equine viral arteritis is that it is a disease which is caused by an rna virus that can be found in many countries among horse communities. Equine viral arteritis eva is an acute, contagious, viral disease of horses and other equids. Horses clinically affected with eva may exhibit fever, limb edema. Equine viral arteritis british equine veterinary association. Second international workshop on equine viral arteritis.
Chirnside e d 1995 equine viral arteritis a free market threat. Equine viral arteritis an overview sciencedirect topics. Many horses are either asymptomatic or exhibit flulike symptoms for a short period of time. Eva is caused by an arterivirus equine arteritis virus, eav, and the vascular system is the principal but not unique viral target. After this, the virus spread to lymphoid tissue leading to leukopaenia and immunosuppression. Exposure to eav can occur via respiratory or venereal routes 2,3. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious respiratory and reproductive disease of equids, occurring as sporadic outbreaks in horses worldwide. Arteritis definition of arteritis by the free dictionary. Equine viral arteritis eva is a reportable, highly contagious. Definition equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of equids. This also can create a situation in which a stallion or a mare. Documented outbreaks have been infrequent, but this may be related to lack of recognition. Equine viral arteritis eva is an acute, contagious disease caused by equine arteritis virus eav of the genus arterivirus family arteriviridae.
Pdf equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious disease of equids caused by equine artheritis virus eav, widespread in most countries in the world. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus eav, an rna virus that is classified in the family arteriviridae of the genus arterivirus. Indirect confirmation elisa kit for the detection of antieva equine viral arteritis antibodies in horse serum and plasma. The equine arterivirus eav, the etiologic agent of equine viral arteritis, is a non arthropodborn virus clas sified as a member of the new order nidovirales. Equine viral arteritis is caused by equine arteritis virus eav, an rna virus in. Equine viral arteritis department of primary industries. It is considered to be a reportable disease in most countries worldwide. Arteriviridae are mediumsized, enveloped, positivesense, singlestranded rna viruses, with an icosahedral nucleocapsid. In august, 1993, an outbreak of equine viral arteritis eva was diagnosed at the arlington race track near chicago. For breeds like standardbred, where the disease is endemic, vaccination is a must. Infection with the etiologic agent of the disease, equine arteritis virus, most commonly results.
C, pero puede permanecer viable durante 2 a 3 dias a 3738. Equine viral arteritis eva eva quick reference guide. Pronunciation of arteritis with 1 audio pronunciation, 4 synonyms, 1 meaning, 10 translations, 2 sentences and more for arteritis. Equine viral arteritis eva is an infectious viral disease of horses that causes a variety of clinical symptoms, most significantly abortions.
Sharing this video to help educate people about this manageable disease. This is a notifiable disease of horses in the uk caused by equine arteritis virus. Identification of seropositive horses and a semenculture positive stallion in australia suggest a low virulence form of this organism has been established in the horse population at a low level. A warm welcome to those who also attended the first workshop that took place at the universitys maxwell h. Stallions can develop swelling of the sheath and scrotum. Although carrier stallions can be bred if precautions are taken, the need to mate them. The virus causes damage to the smaller blood vessels resulting in oedema and haemorrhage in many tissues and organs. Some strains of the virus cause abortion and death in young foals. While typically not lifethreatening to otherwise healthy adult horses, eav can cause abortion in pregnant mares and uncommonly cause death in young foals and establish a longterm carrier state in breeding stallions. Compatible with cytotoxic sera 1 which cannot be tested with the virus neutralization test vnt. The disease is frequently confused with other conditions that produce clinically similar conditions. Eva was reported in the uk in 2019 with two separate, unconnected subclinical outbreaks.
Where present, clinical signs of eva can vary in range and severity. Equine viral arteritis eva is an acute, contagious, viral disease of both horses and donkeys. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious disease of equids caused by the equine arteritis virus eav. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of horses worldwide. Equine viral arteritis eva is known to be highly contagious disease and generally results in respiratory problems in horses. There is evidence of variation in pathogenicity among strains of equine arteritis virus.
The disease infects the nasopharynx after respiratory transmission, causing a multitude of respiratory signs. Although it causes no clinical signs in many horses, it may cause respiratory infections, abortion in pregnant mares, and severe swelling of the legs, causing lameness. Equine viral arteritis eva equine arteritis virus was first isolated in 1953 during an outbreak of respiratory disease and abortion in ohio, u. Serological evidence of exposure to the causal agent, equine arteritis virus eav. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus eav, a positivesense, singlestranded rna virus, and the prototype member of the genus arterivirus, family arteriviridae, order nidovirales cavanagh, 1997. Equine viral arteritis definitions eav refers to the virus equine arteritis virus eva refers to the disease equine viral arteritis the eav is of the genus arterivirus. Eav was first reported in the united states, when it was isolated from the lung tissue of aborted fetuses during an outbreak. Eva is primarily a viral respiratory infection, and as such is transmitted via the respiratory route through direct contact with an infected individual. Eva is the abbreviation for the disease equine viral arteritis whereas eav is the abbreviation for the causal virus equine arteritis virus. Mccue dvm, phd, diplomate american college of theriogenologists equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral infection affecting both mares and stallions.
Equine viral arteritis that has gripped the krc for the last couple of days has compelled us to draw small card with entries of 19 horses. Prevention and control horses can be vaccinated annually beginning at six weeks of age. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus. The most important consequences of infection are abortion in the mare and establishment of the carrier state in the stallion. Greetings to each of you on the occasion of the second international workshop on equine viral arteritis to be held at the university of kentucky. To identify carriers, all breeding stallions should be tested. Equine viral arteritis equine viral arteritis eva is an infectious viral disease of horses that causes a variety of clinical symptoms, most significantly abortions. Equine arteritis virus eav, the causative agent of equine viral arteritis eva, is a respiratory and reproductive disease that occurs throughout the world. The portion of the name arteritis comes from the characteristic vascular. Since then outbreaks have occurred all over the world and although exotic to ireland, we have experienced an occasional incursion.
Where the disease occurs the virus is present in horse and donkey populations in many countries throughout the world. Symptoms in horses exposure to eva virus may or may not result in clinical. Stallions can become long term carriers of the virus, and transmit it during breeding. This order provides for the extension of the definition of disease in the animal health act 1981 to include equine viral arteritis article 2. The virus can be found throughout the world and sporadically in the united states. Mar 23, 2017 some recent questions about eva and breeding brought me to visit dr. Equine viral arteritis is an infrequently encountered contagious viral disease of equids that has assumed increased veterinary medical and economic significance since the 1984 epidemic in thoroughbreds in kentucky. Equine viral arteritis eva is caused by the equine arteritis virus eav. Equine viral arteritis is caused by a virus that causes inflammation of horses arteries, an rna virus in the genus arterivirus family arteriviridae. Equine viral arteritis eva is caused by an rna togavirus and produces clinical signs of respiratory disease, vasculitis, and abortion.
Equine viral arteritis eva is a wellknown reproductive and respiratory disease of horses and other equids caused by equine arteritis virus eav doll et al. The majority of naturally acquired infections with eav are subclinical. If equine viral arteritis is confirmed the outbreak will be controlled in line with the contingency plan for exotic notifiable diseases. Overview of equine viral arteritis generalized conditions. The virus occurs worldwide in thoroughbred and nonthoroughbred populations. Synonyms for equine viral arteritis in free thesaurus.
Arvac aids in the prevention of viral abortion and respiratory infection due to equine arteritis virus equine arteritis virus is a contagious equine disease with an increasing number of cases. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral infection affecting both mares and stallions. Typical cases are characterized by fever, depression, anorexia, leukopenia, dependent edema especially of the lower hind extremities, scrotum, and prepuce in the stallion, conjunctivitis, supra or periorbital edema, nasal. Typical cases are characterized by fever, depression, anorexia, leukopenia, dependent edema especially of the lower hind extremities, scrotum, and prepuce in the stallion, conjunctivitis, supra or periorbital edema, nasal discharge, respiratory distress, skin rash, temporary. Breed prevalence of eva ranges from 1 to 3% in quarter horses, arabians and thoroughbreds to 70 to 80% in standardbreds. Equine viral arteritis eva is caused by an arterivirus within the family arteriviridae and is seen worldwide.
It is spread by respiratory and venereal means, through semen at natural service or artificial insemination, and direct contact. It is rare in the united states, but there have been recent outbreaks involving breeding herds in new mexico and utah. The disease is frequently confused with other illnesses that produce similar clinical signs. Equine viral arteritis equimed horse health matters. Eav infection is highly speciesspecific and exclusively limited to members of the family equidae, which includes horses, donkeys, mules, and zebras. Equine viral arteritis is basically a disease that is very contagious among horses which is not really lifethreatening for the average adult horse who is otherwise healthy, but can be fatal to young foals not a common problem and, more commonly, can cause pregnant mares to abort. The virus which causes eva was first isolated in 1953, but the disease has afflicted equine animals worldwide for centuries. It is the only species in the genus alphaarterivirus, and that is the only genus in the equarterivirinae subfamily. Vaccination and testing guidelines for equine viral arteritis. Antibodies to this virus which show that a horse has been infected with the virus are found in horses and zebras. Equine viral arteritis eva is an acute, contagious disease of equidae caused by infection with equine arteritis virus eav 1. Equine viral arteritis eva is an acute, contagious, viral disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus eav. Arteritis viral equina 2 virus influenza free 30day. Equine viral arteritis eva is a worldwide disease that causes mild respiratory disease and abortion in horses.
Although typically not lifethreatening to otherwise healthy adult horses, eva is of special concern because it can result in abortion in pregnant mares, illness and death in young foals, and establishment of the carrier state in stallions. Carrier stallions are considered responsible for maintaining the disease in the population and may shed the virus in their semen for months to years. Following exposure, signs take 710 days to develop and include fever, nasal discharge, and swelling of the head and legs. Only one major serotype of the virus has been identified so far. Equine viral arteritis is caused by a togavirus and is spread by aerosolization and inhalation or through sexual contact. Equine viral arteritis eva is an infectious viral disease. Equine viral arteritis eva in horses vetlexicon equis. Equine viral arteritis definition of equine viral arteritis. An rna virus is one that has rna ribonucleic acid as the genetic material. Equine viral arteritis eva is a disease of horses caused by alphaarterivirus equid, an rna virus.
A better understanding of the disease and proactive management practices by. It was first diagnosed in 1953 on a stud farm suffering respiratory disease and abortions in ohio. Since then it has been reported across america mainly on breeding farms. Serological evidence of exposure to the causal agent, equine arteritis virus eav, is present in equine populations in many countries. Equine viral arteritis eva is a contagious viral disease of equids caused by equine arteritis virus eav, an rna virus classified in the family arteriviridae. It is not extremely prevalent in the united states but, when it does occur, it is usually as an outbreak in a location where animals come and go frequently, such as a racetrack or breeding farm. Equine viral arteritis synonyms, equine viral arteritis. Equine viral arteritis eva is an economically important viral disease of equids.
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